前处理-水解-生物接触氧化工艺处理染料废水

介绍了前处理-水解-生物接触氧化工艺处理染料废水的工程实例.当进水COD≤8000 mg/L时,出水可达到国家<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)二级标准.     

生物接触氧化-电凝聚复合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

为了探索高效垃圾渗滤液处理工艺,采用生物接触氧化-电凝聚复合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液.试验结果表明,本工艺适于处理COD＜5000 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液,最高容积负荷可达6.56 kgCOD/m3·d,COD去除率最高可达84.63%,平均BOD去除率可达91.25%,NH4-N去除率最高可达86.13%,处理后的垃圾渗滤液可达到国家污水二级排放标准,电耗为9元/m3水,铁耗为1元/m3水.     

The influence of air–fuel ratio on engine performance and pollutant emission of an SI engine using ethanol–gasoline-blended fuels

Ethanol–gasoline-blended fuel was tested in a conventional engine under various air–fuel equivalence ratios (λ) for its performance and emissions. The amount of fuel injection was adjusted manually by an open-loop control system using a CONSULT controller. It was found that without changing throttle opening and injection strategy, λ could be extended to a leaner condition as ethanol content increased. The results of engine performance tests showed that torque output would increase slightly at small throttle valve opening when ethanol–gasoline-blended fuel was used. It was also shown that CO and HC emissions were reduced with the increase of ethanol content in the blended fuel, which resulted from oxygen enrichment. At an air–fuel equivalence ratio slightly larger than one, the smallest amounts of CO and HC and the largest amounts of CO₂ resulted. It was noted that under the lean combustion condition, CO₂ emission was controlled by air–fuel equivalence ratio; while under the rich combustion condition, CO₂ emission is offset by CO emission. It was also found that CO₂ emission per unit horse power output for blended fuel was similar or less than that for gasoline fuel. From the experimental data, the optimal ethanol content in the gasoline and air–fuel equivalence ratio in terms of engine performance and air pollution was found.     

生物强化技术及其在废水生物处理中的应用

生物强化技术广泛应用于废水生物处理中,而竞争力和适应性强的高效菌株筛选是生物强化技术的决定性因素.论述了利用具有代谢性能的可移动基因片段强化、基因工程菌强化和常规微生物学手段分离菌株的生物强化技术,并阐述了生物强化技术在废水生物处理过程中去除难降解有机物,去除过量的氮、磷等营养物质,维持生物系统稳定性中的应用.     

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池启动性能研究

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池 (ZBAF)对氨氮的去除包括生物硝化和离子交换两种作用。中试装置启动试验表明 ,初期对氨氮的去除以离子交换作用为主 ,末期以硝化作用为主 ,不能以氨氮总去除率达到稳定作为启动过程结束的标志 ,而应以氨氮硝化去除率达到稳定作为标志。沿程试验表明 ,硝化细菌对沸石的“生物再生功能” ,实质是已被沸石交换的氨氮被水中浓度较大的其他阳离子交换下来后 ,被硝化菌所利用的现象 ;沸石表面有生物膜时 ,仍具有交换氨氮能力     

丝绸厂汰头废水除磷试验研究

针对丝绸厂汰头废水高有机物浓度高氮磷的特点,对该废水的化学除磷工艺及生物化学组合除磷工艺的除磷效能进行了对比研究,考察了有机负荷、运行工况、工艺组合、药剂种类和投加量等对除磷效能的影响.试验结果表明:对汰头废水采用厌氧-生物除磷-生物脱氮-化学除磷组合工艺除磷经济高效,当生物除磷SBBR工艺单元有机负荷为3 kgBOD5/m3·d,运行工况为进水0.5 h-厌氧2 h-曝气4 h-沉淀1 h-排水0.5 h,化学除磷工艺单元投加60 mg/L聚合氯化铝(PAC)时,可使COD及PO3-4分别为10 000 mg/L和114 mg/L的进水,出水COD及PO3-4分别为93 mg/L和0.23 mg/L;总ηCOD91.5%,ηPO3-4为99.8%.其中生物除磷工艺单元承担的ηPO3-4为75%;化学除磷工艺单元承担的ηPO3-4为24.8%.     

Results from the first year of the Swedish dioxin survey

PCDD/F levels are presented for food baskets, raw and fried herring, wolf muscle and moose tallow collected from the same area, three burbot liver samples, a sediment core from the Baltic Sea and leach water from three garbage dumps. Levels in food baskets were at or below detection limits making the estimation of intake via the diet difficult. Frying herring produces no net change in PCDD/F levels. Moose have lower PCDD/F levels than wolf from the same area. Levels in burbot liver samples are much higher near industrial discharges than in a more undisturbed area. The top 4 cm of the sediment core contain the highest levels of PCDD/F. Thereafter the levels drop and reach a low level. This low level is probably caused by contamination during sampling and is not evidence of PCDD/F presence far back in time. Leach water from city dumps contains low levels of PCDD/F but that from a dump that takes industrial wastes had higher levels and a different congener pattern.     

新型侧向流曝气生物滤池处理生活污水

采用以沸石为填料的新型侧向流曝气生物滤池处理生活污水,考察了水力负荷和气水比的影响.结果表明,LBAF在最佳工况气水比10∶1,A、B段曝气量比1∶1,水力负荷0.43 m3/m2·h下,COD、SS、氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别为88.01%、95.18%、78.97%、52.58%和21.02%;COD去除率随COD容积负荷的增加缓慢下降.氨氮、总氮去除率随COD容积负荷的增大明显下降,氨氮去除率随氨氮容积负荷的增大而明显降低.滤池纳污能力强,不易堵塞,可适当延长反冲周期.     

Experimental verification for real-time environmental emergency response system: WSPEEDI by European tracer experiment

Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute has developed an emergency response system WSPEEDI to forecast long-range atmospheric dispersions of radionuclides discharged into the atmosphere. The latest version of WSPEEDI consists of an atmospheric dynamic model MM5 for calculating meteorological fields and a particle random-walk model for atmospheric dispersion. The performance of WSPEEDI was evaluated by data obtained from a field tracer experiment over Europe (ETEX) in this paper. The model validation was done with respect to the following points: (1) the dependence of model accuracy on the temporal and spatial resolutions of the meteorological fields and (2) the superiority of an atmospheric dynamic model over a mass-consistent wind model. Regarding (1), it was shown that the calculation accuracy of the new version with high temporal resolution was improved, especially at the edge of the plume. Moreover, although the increase in horizontal spatial resolution of the old version had no substantial effect on the model performance, increase in horizontal resolution of the new version contributed to the significant improvement of the calculation accuracy. These results showed that the dynamically calculated meteorological field with the spatial resolution of the meso-β–γ scale greatly improved calculation accuracy.     

直接过滤-臭氧-生物活性炭工艺用于城市污水二级处理出水深度处理的研究

采用砂滤-臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在北京市某污水处理厂开展了以污水再生回用为目的的城市污水深度处理中试研究。在臭氧消耗量5mg／L，接触时间20min，生物活性炭空床停留时间（EBCT）为20min的条件下，出水浊度为1．5NTU左右，色度接近0，UV254从0．162cm^-1降低到0．08cm^-1，DOC和CODMn分别从10．1mg／L和12．8mg／L降低到6mg／L左右。由于对生物活性炭柱进行了曝气供氧，NH4^- N从40mg／L降低到5mg／L左右。